Nghĩa là gì: abstract

abstract /'æbstrækt/

tính từ
- trừu tượng
- khó hiểu
- lý thuyết không thực tế
- abstract number
  - (toán học) số hư

danh từ
- bản tóm tắt (cuốn sách, luận án, bài diễn văn...)
- vật trừu tượng
  - in the abstract: trừu tượng, lý thuyết

ngoại động từ
- trừu tượng hoá
- làm đãng trí
- rút ra, chiết ra, tách ra
  - to abstract butter from milk: tách bơ ra khỏi sữa
- lấy trộm, ăn cắp
- tóm tắt, trích yếu

trac Thành ngữ, tục ngữ

a contract out on

a contract that pays to have someone killed There's a contract out on Mike. The boss doesn't like him.

contract out on

(See a contract out on)

drive you to distraction

cause you to lose thoughts, drive me up the wall Her continual chatter will drive you to distraction.

fast track

the quickest route or path, short cut There is no fast track to success in the field of photography.

inside track

an advantage, shortest distance around a racetrack I think that he has the inside track on getting the new job at the computer company.

keep track

check, count Keep track of the time you work at the computer. Keep a record.

keep track of

maintain a record Please carefully keep track of your expenses during the trip.

keep you on track

tell you what to do, remind you of the topic The instructor will help to keep us on track. She'll remind us.

lose track

forget how many you have, lose count He tried to count the number of birds, but he soon lost track.

lose track of

lose contact with someone (or something) I

make tracks

hurry, move quickly, vamoose We better make tracks or we'll be late for dinner.

off the beaten track

not on the main road, out of the way I like to explore places that are off the beaten track - wild places.

on track

in the right direction, on the rails After a few problems, our project is back on track.

one-track mind

thinking about only one thing He has a one-track mind. All he thinks about is money.

stop you in your tracks

cause you to stop, prevent you from going further You know what will stop you dead in your tracks? A bear, that's what.

the inside track

being close to the person who has power, Bob's your uncle If your uncle works at Sears, you should have the inside track on the new job in Men's Wear.

track down

search for I have been trying to track down an old Beatles album for many months.

track record

list of achievements, summary of career work Lou's track record is excellent. She was top seller last year.

abstract from

take sth．out of sth．else；separate 提取；抽出；摘录…的要点
The article was abstracted from a longer book．这篇文章是一本厚书的提要。
Scientists can abstract precious medicines from some ordinary plants．科学家们可以从一些普通的植物中提取珍贵的药品。
It is known to all that metal can be abstracted from ore．众所周知，金属能从矿石中提炼出来。
The thief abstracted the purse from her pocket．这小偷从她的衣袋中偷走了钱包。

distract from

turn sb．'s attention or thoughts away from使分心；分散注意力
So much noise distracted her from her work．喧闹声很大，使她不能专心工作。

kick jump the traces

break the rules；behave in an undisciplined way犯规；不遵守纪律；不受纪律约束
When their teacher was absent and they had a substitute， the children kicked over the traces．当他们的老师请假并请了一位代课老师时，孩子们闹翻了天。

kick over/jump the traces

kick over the traces

off the track

1．following a wrong line of action 出轨
The train ran off the track．火车出轨了。
Our effort proved fruitless because we were off the track from the very beginning．我们一开始路子就迈得不对，所以一番功夫尽付东流。
2．away from the subject离题 The speaker was a long way off the track．演讲者离题太远。

on the track of

trying to find寻找
The lawyer is on the track of new proof in the case．律师正在这桩案子中寻找新的证据。

trace back

follow a chain of evidence追溯
The custom can be traced back to the fifth century．这个习俗可以追溯到5世纪。

throw sb off the track

Idiom(s): throw someone off the track AND throw someone off the trail

Theme: DECEPTION

to cause someone to lose the trail (when following someone or something).
• The raccoon threw us off the track by running through the creek.
• The robber threw the police off the trail by leaving town.

the wrong side of the tracks

Idiom(s): the wrong side of the tracks

Theme: LOCATION

the poor part of a town.
• They said that Bob was from the wrong side of the tracks, but that it didn't matter.
• We went to a school that was on the wrong side of the tracks, and we all got a fine education.

the other side of the tracks

Idiom(s): the other side of the tracks

Theme: LOCATION

the poorer section of town or the richer section of town, depending on perspective.
• He is from a wealthy family and I am from a very humble background, but he is the first boy I have met from the other side of the tracks, and I want to marry him.
• I hear he is dating someone from the other side of the tracks.

on the wrong track

Idiom(s): on the wrong track

Theme: DIRECTION - WRONG

going the wrong way; following the wrong set of assumptions.
• You'll never get the right answer. You're on the wrong track.
• They won t get it figured out because they are on the wrong track.

get the inside track

Idiom(s): get the inside track

Theme: ADVANTAGE - GAIN

to get the advantage (over someone) because of special connections, special knowledge, or favoritism.
• If I could get the inside track, I could win the contract.
• The boss likes me. Since I have the inside track, I'll probably be the new office manager.

follow in one's tracks

Idiom(s): follow in someone's tracks AND follow in someone's footsteps

Theme: SAMENESS

to follow someone's example; to assume someone else's role or occupation.
• The vice president was following in the president's footsteps when he called for budget cuts.
• She followed in her father's footsteps and went into medicine.

drop in one's tracks

Idiom(s): drop in one's tracks

Theme: DAYDREAM

to stop or collapse from exhaustion; to die suddenly.
• If I keep working this way, I'll drop in my tracks.
• Bob was working in the garden and dropped in his tracks, dead as a doornail.

dead in one's or sth's tracks

Idiom(s): dead in one's or sth's tracks

Theme: STOP

exactly where someone or something is at the moment; at this instant. (This does not usually have anything to do with death. The phrase is often used with stop.)
• Her unkind words stopped me dead in my tracks.
• When I heard the rattlesnake, I stopped dead in my tracks.
• The project came to a halt dead in its tracks.

cover one's tracks

Idiom(s): cover one's tracks (up)

Theme: DECEPTION

to conceal one's trail; to conceal one's past activities.
• She was able to cover her tracks up so that they couldn't find her.
• It's easy to cover up your tracks if you aren't well known.
• The robber failed to cover his tracks.

attract one's attention

Idiom(s): attract one's attention

Theme: ATTENTION

to cause someone to take notice; to get someone's attention.
• I called and waved to attract Anns attention.
• A small yellow flower attracted my attention.

On the wallaby track

(AU) In Australian English, if you're on the wallaby track, you are unemployed.

beaten track|beaten|track

n. See: BEATEN PATH.

cover one's tracks|cover|cover up one's tracks|tra

v. phr. 1. To hide and not leave anything, especially foot marks, to show where you have been, so that no one can follow you. The deer covered his tracks by running in a stream. 2. informal To hide or not say where you have been or what you have done; not tell why you do something or what you plan to do. The boys covered their tracks when they went swimming by saying that they were going for a walk.
Compare: COVER UP¹.

in one's tracks|tracks

adv. phr., informal 1. Just where one is at the moment; abruptly; immediately. The hunter's rifle cracked and the rabbit dropped in his tracks. Mary stopped dead in her tracks, turned around, and ran back home.
Synonym: ON THE SPOT¹, THEN AND THERE. 2. See: FOLLOW IN ONE'S FOOTSTEPS.

inside track|inside|track

n. phr. 1. The inside, shortest distance around a curved racetrack; the place that is closest to the inside fence. A big white horse had the inside track at the start of the race. 2. informal An advantage due to special connections or information. I would probably get that job if I could get the inside track.

jump the track|jump|track

v. phr. 1. To go off rails; go or run the wrong way. The train jumped the track and there was a terrible accident. The pulley of the clothesline jumped the track and Mother's washing fell down. 2. informal To change from one thought or idea to another without plan or reason; change the thought or idea you are talking about to something different. Bob didn't finish his algebra homework because his mind kept jumping the track to think about the new girl in class.
Compare: OFF THE TRACK.

keep track|keep|track

v. phr. To know about changes; stay informed or up-to-date; keep a count or record. What day of the week is it? I can't keep track.

Usually used with "of". Mr. Stevens kept track of his business by telephone when he was in the hospital. The farmer has so many chickens, he can hardly keep track of them all.
Compare: IN TOUCH, KEEP UP³.
Antonym: LOSE TRACK.

kick over the traces|jump the traces|kick|traces

v. phr. To break the rules; behave badly. When their teacher was absent and they had a substitute, the children kicked over the traces.
Compare: ACT UP, CUT UP, LET LOOSE, OUT OF HAND, RAISE CAIN.

lose track|lose|track

v. phr. To forget about something; not stay informed; fail to keep a count or record. What's the score now? I've lost track.

Usually used with "of". Mary lost track of her friends at camp after summer was over. John lost track of the money he spent at the circus.
Compare: OUT OF TOUCH.
Antonym: KEEP TRACK.

make tracks|make|track|tracks

v. phr., informal To go fast; get a speedy start; hurry. Man, it's time we made tracks! The boys made tracks for home when it began to get dark.
Compare: GET GOING, MAKE HASTE.

off the beaten track|beaten|beaten track|off|track

adv. phr. Not well known or often used; not gone to or seen by many people; unusual. The theater is off the beaten track. We are looking for a vacation spot that is off the beaten track.
Compare: OUT OF THE WAY.

on the track of|on|on the track|on the trail|on th

Hunting or looking for; trying to find; following. The hunter is on the track of a deer. The lawyer is on the trail of new proof in the case. Jim collects old stamps; he is on the track of one in Midville this afternoon.

on the wrong track|on|track|wrong track

adv. phr. Lost; pursuing the wrong lead. Professor MacAlister confessed that his chemical experiments were on the wrong track.
Antonym: BARK UP THE WRONG TREE.

the tracks|tracks

n. The line between the rich or fashionable part of town and the poor or unfashionable part of town. The poor children knew they would not be welcome on the other side of the tracks. Mary's mother did not want her to date Jack, because he came from across the tracks.

Often used in the expression "the wrong side of the tracks". The mayor was born on the wrong side of the tracks, but he worked hard and became successful.

More Idioms/Phrases

the other way around the picture the pits the powers that be the ropes the score the three R's the ticket the tracks the wiser the works then again then and there there is more than one way to get a pig to market there is nothing to it thing or two think better of

English Vocalbulary

abstract data type abstract journal abstract noun abstract semantics abstract symbol abstract syntax abstracted abstractedly abstractedness abstracter abstracting abstraction abstractionism abstractionist abstractionists abstractions abstractly abstractness